LS,

RN08 - Februari 2007
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Microwave experiments cause sponge disasters
Reports about a study that found microwave ovens can be used to sterilize kitchen sponges sent people hurrying to test the idea. Experimenters evidently left out the crucial step of wetting the sponge resulting in smoking up the house and ruining the microwave.
http://www.cnn.com/2007/HEALTH/01/24/germs.sponges.reut/index.html

Half of Americans have a version of a gene that causes them to metabolize food differently
Those people with the variant gene processed fat differently than those who don't have it. They burned more fat, which may have hindered their ability to remove sugar from the blood stream and burn it. Diabetes is characterized by too much sugar in the blood.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/slu-ndr012607.php

Protection Against Cancer May Begin During Pregnancy, Nursing
A new study by scientists from the Linus Pauling Institute at Oregon State University, done with laboratory mice, found that supplements of a key phytochemical found in certain vegetables provided a very high level of protection against leukemia and lymphoma in young animals, and also significantly protected against lung cancer during the rodent's equivalent of middle age.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061222092311.htm

Purification And Dilution Reduce Risk Of Fish Being Injured By Hormone-disrupting Compounds
The problem of hormone-disruption in fish is not as widespread in Sweden as in many other European countries. This is probably due to the fact that Swedish purification plants use purification techniques that reduce the amount of hormone-disrupting compounds, or that dilution of wastewater in recipient containers is greater than in many other countries.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061222092956.htm

Air pollution: haze over Eastern China and Himalaya
Dense haze completely obscured the North China Plain and the Bo Hai (a bay in the Yellow Sea) when the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Aqua satellite flew over on December 20, 2006. China’s State Environmental Protection Administration reported that the air over Beijing was lightly polluted, the fourth designation on a seven-point scale for air quality where “heavily polluted” is the highest designation.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/shownh.php3?img_id=14042
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/NaturalHazards/shownh.php3?img_id=14038

2020 foresight sees threat to UK farm birds
Farmland birds in the UK are under serious threat because the nation's agricultural policy – designed in part to protect them – does not go far enough, a new study warns. "The UK is further down the road than anyone else in protecting its farmland birds," says Ken Norris at the University of Reading in the UK. "That's the good news. The scary thing is we're not doing enough."
http://environment.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn10982

UK scientists downplay GMO threat to biodiversity
Thirty-nine farmland birds could be threatened by a switch to GMO herbicide-tolerant sugar beet and rapeseed but with only one species, the meadow pipit, is the change likely to move it into a more threatened category, the scientists concluded.
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa003&articleID=CDF039A172C2935F315A7D4CEC997C35

Mild temperature rise can endanger species
For many species, the threat of global warming is more than too much heat. You can get temperature-related effects that may not be what you expect. Subtle environmental change can interact with physiological needs to weaken the ability of a species to maintain a viable population even when the temperature rise is too mild to kill individual organisms.
http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/discoveries/2007-01-18-mild-temp-rise_x.htm
http://www.agoracosmopolitan.com/home/Frontpage/2007/01/16/01311.html

Protection for 'weirdest' species
A conservation programme for some of the world's most bizarre and unusual creatures has been launched by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL). The scheme targets animals with unique evolutionary histories that are facing a real risk of extinction.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6263331.stm

Media must be alert to all threats to human life
No matter how terrible a tragedy, most of the world will not know it has occurred unless it is reported by the media. Unless that happens, survivors would not get the help they need.
http://www.asahi.com/english/Herald-asahi/TKY200701160100.html

The Warming of Greenland
All over Greenland and the Arctic, rising temperatures are not simply melting ice; they are changing the very geography of coastlines. The sudden appearance of the islands is a symptom of an ice sheet going into retreat, scientists say. Greenland is covered by 630,000 cubic miles of ice, enough water to raise global sea levels by 23 feet.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/science/earth/16gree.html?ex=1326603600&en=b018c85a1b03d90f&ei=5090

High Levels of Vitamin D In the Body May Decrease the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis
Many cases of MS could be prevented by increasing vitamin D levels. Although these levels could be increased by taking supplements, before any recommendation is made it is important to establish whether we are seeing a true causal association or whether vitamin D levels are only a marker of MS risk.
http://www.health.am/ab/more/vitamin-d-decrease-the-risk-of-multiple-sclerosis/

Multiple sclerosis risk linked to mononucleosis
ndividuals who have had infectious mononucleosis have an increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), even 30 years after infection, according to findings published in the Archives of Neurology.
http://www.health.am/ab/more/multiple-sclerosis-risk-linked-to-mononucleosis/

ESA launches new project to protect biodiversity
The world's biodiversity is vanishing at an unprecedented rate – around 100 species every day – due to factors such as land use change and pollution. Addressing this threat, world governments agreed through the UN Convention on Biological Diversity to reduce significantly the current rate of biodiversity loss by 2010. To support this initiative, ESA has kicked off its new DIVERSITY project.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/esa-eln010907.php
http://www.upi.com/NewsTrack/Science/20070109-042603-8131r/
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070109142156.htm

MI5 unveils e-mail terrorism alert service
Anyone who wants to track the perceived level of threat to Britain can receive e-mail updates under the new MI5 scheme. The United States and France have similar alert systems, but do not offer any kind of official e-mail service.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/16547675/

Telomeres may predict heart disease risk
British researchers, who measured telomere length in leukocytes, or white blood cells, in 1,500 men aged 45-64 years old, found short telomeres indicate a higher likelihood of developing heart disease.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60809
http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2007-01-12T022137Z_01_L11645438_RTRUKOC_0_US-HEART-TELOMERE.xml&WTmodLoc=SciNewsHome_C1_%5BFeed%5D-2

Test may identify heart attack, stroke risk
An inexpensive blood test may identify which heart disease patients are at the highest risk of a stroke or heart attack, allowing doctors to move more aggressively to help them. The blood test measured a combination of amino acids called NT-proBNP related to heart function.
http://today.reuters.com/news/articlenews.aspx?type=healthNews&storyid=2007-01-10T035339Z_01_TON013979_RTRUKOC_0_US-HEART-ATTACK-RISK.xml
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/uoc--btp010407.php
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60501

New Imaging Technique Identifies People At Risk For Alzheimer's Disease
UCLA researchers used innovative brain scan technology to show that the abnormal brain protein deposits that define Alzheimer's disease can be detected in mild cognitive impairment. The researchers used positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with a small molecule invented at UCLA that binds to the abnormal proteins -- amyloid plaques and tangles -- that may cause the disease. Previously only an autopsy could determine these deposits and confirm a definitive diagnosis.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061221075148.htm

A Second Risk Factor for Alzheimer's
Researchers led by Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) international research scholar Peter St George-Hyslop have identified a new genetic risk factor associated with the most common form of Alzheimer’s disease. The research implicates a gene called SORL1 in late-onset Alzheimer’s, which usually strikes after age 65.
http://www.health.am/ab/more/a-second-risk-factor-for-alzheimers/

Higher folate levels linked to reduced risk for Alzheimer's disease
By the year 2047, the prevalence of Alzheimer's disease is expected to quadruple, according to background information in the article.
Delaying the onset of this neurodegenerative disease would significantly reduce the burden it causes. Researchers suspect that elevated levels of the amino acid homocysteine in the blood, which is linked to a higher risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke, may also increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease. Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6, are important in the body's processing of homocysteine-therefore, deficiencies in these nutrients increase homocysteine levels and may contribute to cardiovascular disease, stroke and dementia.
http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/28323/Higher_folate_levels_linked_to_reduced_risk_for_Alzheimer%E2%80%99s_disease.html
http://health.yahoo.com/news/170672

Physicians Face Significant New Liability Risks With Advent Of Personalized Medicine Era
Side effects from prescription drugs kill over 100,000 Americans every year, according to 1998 data published in The Journal of the American Medical Association. A growing number of these deaths could be prevented by the use of genetic testing, experts say. Legal liability is a powerful driver that could dramatically hasten the development of personalized medicine.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60250

European Union Outpaces United States On Chemical Safety
Recently, the European Union has adopted some of the world’s strictest policies on e-waste and potentially hazardous chemicals. In particular, three recent E.U. environmental policies are gradually being implemented across the 27 European Union member nations. The rules affect products including household appliances, toys, computers and many more.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070103110258.htm

Proposed FDA claim recognizes role of key nutrients in dairy in reducing osteoporosis risk
An amended health claim that would communicate to consumers the value of foods high in calcium and vitamin D for reducing the risk of osteoporosis. The National Dairy Council (NDC) acknowledges and supports the body of scientific evidence that backs the proposed claim, which indicates that a lifestyle that includes a well-balanced diet with adequate calcium and vitamin D, and physical activity, helps reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/ndc-pfc010507.php
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/aaop-cif010907.php

Escalating threat to the future of Scotland's / UK seas
Sixteen out of 21 Scottish fish stocks, including cod and Atlantic salmon, are currently being exploited beyond sustainable levels. Unless we get some kind of planning system in place to ensure recovery and sustainable use of all our marine life then, in combination with the effects of climate change, in 40 or 50 years' time much of our important wildlife will have perished.
http://news.scotsman.com/scitech.cfm?id=26872007
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6264993.stm

Super Soldiers: Tomorrow's 'Army of One' Technology
Although some of the technologies could take years to reach actual battlefields, novel devices developed by the U.S. Army's Future Force Warrior initiative such as advanced sound equipment and smarter lasers should be available to active soldiers as soon as  2010, promising to make them more lethal than ever.
http://www.space.com/businesstechnology/070104_future_warrior.html

North Korea's Secret Biochemical Arsenal
While its nuclear test spurs outrage, North Korea has grown a vast biochemical weapons arsenal in secrecy. Kim Jong Il's deception was investigated, plus his rogue nation's human trials and its deadly harvest's terror potential.
http://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/military_law/4208958.html

Stem cell experts slam UK stance on hybrid embryos
Britain risks losing its position as a stem cell pioneer if the government goes ahead with a proposed ban on creating embryos made from human DNA and animal eggs, scientists said
http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/articlenews.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2007-01-05T000355Z_01_L04399379_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-STEMCELLS-BRITAIN-DC.XML&WTmodLoc=SciHealth-C3-Science-5

Anthrax attack posed greater potential threat than thought
A new study shows that more people were at risk of anthrax infection in the Oct. 2001 attack on U.S. Sen. Tom Daschle's office than previously known. The research is published in the January 15 issue of The Journal of Infectious Diseases, now available online. On the other hand, the study shows, prompt intervention with antibiotics and vaccination appeared to be highly effective against the disease.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070104144726.htm
http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2007/01/04/anthrax_attack_posed_greater_potential_threat_than_thought.html

Avian flu virus unlikely to spread through water systems
Cornell researchers studied the related virus, called H5N2, to see whether a hypothetical mutated form of H5N1 could infect people through drinking and wastewater systems. Researchers at Cornell and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point collaborated on the study, published in a recent issue of Environmental Engineering Science. To test the effectiveness of UV radiation for killing the H5N2 virus, the researchers exposed the virus in drinking water as well as in wastewater effluents to UV light at varying levels. The treatment was very effective in killing H5N2 at levels well within industry standards (and at lower levels than are used for killing Cryptosporidium and Giardia in water).
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/cuns-afv010307.php

NIAID DNA vaccine for H5N1 avian influenza enters human trial
The first human trial of a DNA vaccine designed to prevent H5N1 avian influenza infection began on December 21, 2006, when the vaccine was administered to the first volunteer at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD. Scientists from the Vaccine Research Center (VRC) at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), one of the NIH Institutes, designed the vaccine. The vaccine does not contain any infectious material from the influenza virus.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070103201449.htm
http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2007/01/03/niaid_dna_vaccine_for_h5n1_avian_influenza_enters_human_trial.html
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070102100646.htm

Rapid Response to Avian Flu Threat
An interdisciplinary team of researchers led by Yanbin Li, professor of biological engineering in the University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, has developed a portable biosensor for in-field, rapid screening of avian influenza virus.
http://www.physorg.com/news89043789.html

Occurrence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in diverse farm environments
In the United States, foodborne outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157:H7 illness have often been linked to the consumption of contaminated, undercooked ground beef. However, the occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 has also been reported in other farm animals.
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/news/fsnews.cfm?newsid=16553

Age, sex affect traffic accidents
Researchers found significant differences in the severity of injuries sustained in accidents involving men and women and drivers within three age groups: young, 16-24; middle-aged, 25-64; and older, 65 and above.
http://www.physorg.com/news87050400.html

Harmful Levels Of Neurotoxin Detected In Fish And Birds
A U.S. and Canadian research team surveying mercury contamination in fish and birds in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada has identified five "hotspots" where concentrations of the element exceed those established for human or wildlife health. The hotspots are believed to result from complex processes that move atmospherically released mercury through the environment, and from site-specific characteristics such as the high sensitivity of wetlands and forested areas to mercury inputs. Local sources of mercury are also significant. Although mercury is not directly harmful at ambient levels, it is concentrated up to a millionfold and chemically modified in aquatic food chains, resulting in dangerous levels of methylmercury in some wildlife species.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/01/070103110132.htm

Moderate Drinking Cuts Heart Attack Risk in Hypertensive Men
The study of almost 12,000 hypertensive patients found that moderate drinking did not affect stroke risk or the risk for death from all causes, but may lower risk for heart attack when compared to men who don't drink at all.
http://health.yahoo.com/news/170454

Gene doubles breast cancer risk
Women with a damaged copy of the gene called PALB2 have twice the risk of breast cancer, the Institute of Cancer Research scientists found. They estimate that faulty PALB2 causes about 100 cases of breast cancer in the UK each year.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/6214451.stm

Food From Cloned Animals Safe?
The draft risk assessment finds that meat and milk from clones of adult cattle, pigs and goats, and their offspring, are as safe to eat as food from conventionally bred animals. The assessment was peer-reviewed by a group of independent scientific experts in cloning and animal health. They agreed with the methods FDA used to evaluate the data and the conclusions set out in the document.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061231101400.htm
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/healthnews.php?newsid=59873
http://www.cspinet.org/new/200612281.html
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/foodsafety/news/fsnews.cfm?newsid=16552

Too much fish risky for foetuses
Pregnant women who eat fish more than three times a week could be putting their baby at risk because of higher mercury levels in their blood, according to a study by Taiwanese researchers.
http://www.int.iol.co.za/index.php?art_id=iol1167481853662P625

Technique Quickly Identifies Bacteria For Food Safety
The technique, called desorption electrospray ionization, or DESI, could be used to create a new class of fast, accurate detectors for applications ranging from food safety to homeland security. Using a mass spectrometer to analyze bacteria and other microorganisms ordinarily takes several hours and requires that samples be specially treated and prepared in a lengthy series of steps. DESI eliminates the pretreatment steps, enabling researchers to take "fingerprints" of bacteria in less than a minute using a mass spectrometer.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061228153849.htm

Risk Of Spina Bifida Associated With Choline Metabolism Genes, But Unrelated To Choline Intake
A new study finds an association between two genes involved in choline metabolism and the risk of spina bifida. The study, published in the open access journal BMC Medicine, also shows that this association is independent of dietary choline intake by the mother during pregnancy.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=59623

NASA Data Helps Pinpoint Wildfire Threats
By studying shrublands prone to wildfire in southern California, scientists found that NASA earth observations accurately detected and mapped two key factors: plant moisture and fuel condition - or greenness - defined as the proportion of live to dead plant material. Moisture levels and fuel condition, combined with the weather, play a major role in the ignition, rate of spread, and intensity of wildfires.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061220143843.htm
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6196277.stm

Safety of nano-workplaces
Last year, nanotechnology was incorporated into $30 billion in manufactured goods--a number predicted to grow to $2.6 trillion in annual manufactured goods by 2014. But little is known about potential risks in many areas of nanotechnology--including worker exposures.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061228131311.htm
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2007-01/poen-nsn010307.php
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=60989&nfid=crss
http://www.brightsurf.com/news/headlines/28290/Nanotech_safety_needs_specific_government_risk_research_strategy_and_funding.html









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